Living in a clean and comfortable environment free from pollution is a universal dream. Good water and air quality significantly impacts personal health, yet many people are unable to enjoy this benefit due to severe water and air pollution affecting numerous regions and even entire countries. Bahrain, located in the Persian Gulf, is one such country. Since 2014, Bahrain has consistently ranked among the top 10 countries with the highest levels of air pollution and water crisis, according to the WHO. Let’s get to know about water crisis issues in Bahrain and how they handle them.

Bahrain’s Approach to Managing Its Water Resources

Bahrain's strategy for managing its water resources focuses on boosting desalination capacity and improving water efficiency. Desalination is the process of removing salt and other impurities from seawater to produce fresh, potable water. Desalination is vital for Bahrain because the country has limited natural freshwater and depleted groundwater. The main methods used for desalination are multistage flash distillation (MSF), multiple-effect distillation (MED), and reverse osmosis (RO), all powered by natural gas, which is a more efficient and eco-friendly choice compared to oil.

To manage water sustainably, Bahrain has introduced several initiatives to enhance water efficiency and control demand. These include updating water tariffs, detecting and fixing leaks, installing smart meters, running awareness campaigns, and mandating water-saving devices. In agriculture, Bahrain is also promoting modern irrigation techniques and reusing treated wastewater to avoid over-irrigation and further deplete groundwater.

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The Impact of Climate Change on Bahrain

Climate change is bringing major challenges to Bahrain, with rising temperatures and sea levels being top concerns. Higher temperatures mean there's more demand for water, putting extra pressure on the water supply system. Plus, rising sea levels threaten Bahrain’s coastal areas, which could lead to flooding and erosion that damage buildings and important facilities.

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Bahrain is also seeing more extreme weather, like intense heatwaves and dust storms, which put even more strain on infrastructure and public health services. The problem is worsened by the urban heat island effect, where cities become much hotter than rural areas because of all the heat-absorbing materials like concrete and asphalt. To tackle these issues, Bahrain is working on several strategies. These include improving water management systems, boosting wastewater treatment, and finding ways to cut the carbon footprint of its desalination plants.

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